Kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki idambudziko rezvakatipoteredza renyika yose. Nyika zhinji dziri kuramba dzichivandudza zviyero zve "plastic limit", kushingaira kutsvagisa nekusimudzira nekusimudzira zvimwe zvigadzirwa, kuenderera mberi nekusimbisa gwara remitemo, kusimudzira ruzivo rwemabhizinesi uye veruzhinji nezvekukuvadza kwekusvibiswa kwepurasitiki uye kutora chikamu mukuziva nezvekudzora kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki, uye kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwegirinhi uye mararamiro.
Chii chinonzi plastiki?
Plastics ikirasi yezvigadzirwa zvinoumbwa nesynthetic kana semi-synthetic high molecular polymers. Aya mapolymers anogona kuumbwa kuburikidza nepolymerization maitiro, nepo monomers inogona kunge iri petrochemical zvigadzirwa kana makomisheni ezvakasikwa. Mapurasitiki anowanzo kupatsanurwa kuita thermoplastic uye thermosetting mapoka maviri, ane huremu huremu, corrosion resistance, good insulation, yakasimba plasticity uye humwe hunhu. Mhando dzakajairika dzemapurasitiki anosanganisira polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, nezvimwewo, ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurongedza, kuvaka, zvekurapa, zvemagetsi uye minda yemotokari. Zvisinei, sezvo mapurasitiki akaoma kuderedza, kushandiswa kwavo kwenguva refu kunomutsa kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye nyaya dzekuchengetedza.
Tinogona here kurarama hupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva pasina plastiki?
Plastics inogona kupinda mune yega yega yehupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva, kunyanya nekuda kwemitengo yakaderera yekugadzira uye kusimba kwayo kwakanakisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kana mapurasitiki achishandiswa mukurongedza chikafu, nekuda kweiyo yakanakisa chipingamupinyi zvivakwa kune magasi uye zvinwiwa, inogona zvinobudirira kuwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu yechikafu, kuderedza matambudziko ekuchengetedza chikafu uye kutambisa chikafu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hazvigoneke kuti isu tibvise plastiki zvachose. Kunyangwe paine zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa pasi rose, zvakaita seshenjere, girazi, simbi, machira, zvinogadzirwa necompostable uye zvinoora, pachine nzira refu yekuenda kutsiva ese.
Nehurombo, hatizokwanisi kurambidza mapurasitiki zvachose kudzamara pave neimwe nzira yezvese kubva kune zvekuvakisa uye zvekuisa mukurapa kusvika kumabhodhoro emvura nematoyi.
Matanho anotorwa nenyika imwe neimwe
Sezvo kuziva nezvenjodzi dzepurasitiki kwakura, nyika zhinji dzakatama kurambidza mabhegi epurasitiki ekushandisa kamwe chete uye / kana kubhadharisa mari kukurudzira vanhu kuti vachinje kune dzimwe sarudzo. Zvinoenderana nezvinyorwa zveUnited Nations uye mishumo yenhau dzakawanda, nyika makumi manomwe nenomwe pasi rese dzakarambidza, kurambidza zvishoma kana kubhadharisa mabhegi epurasitiki ekushandisa kamwe chete.
Furanzi
Kubva muna Ndira 1, 2023, maresitorendi echikafu echiFrench akaunza "muganho wepurasitiki" mutsva - inoraswa epurasitiki tableware inofanirwa kutsiviwa netableware inogona kushandiswa zvakare. Uyu ndiwo mutemo mutsva muFrance kurambidza kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki mumunda wekudyara mushure mekurambidzwa kwekushandiswa kwemabhokisi epurasitiki ekuputira uye kurambidzwa kwekupa mashanga epurasitiki.
Tairendi
Thailand yakarambidza zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvakaita sepurasitiki microbeads uye oxidation-inoshatisa mapurasitiki pakupera kwa2019, yakamira kushandisa mabhegi epurasitiki akareruka ane ukobvu hweasingasviki 36 microns, masanga epurasitiki, styrofoam mabhokisi echikafu, makapu epurasitiki, nezvimwewo, uye vakazadzisa chinangwa che100% kudzokorodza tsvina yepurasitiki pakupera kwaNovember 2027. Chikumbiro chakakurudzirwa neBazi Rezviwanikwa uye Zvakatipoteredza, kurambidza nzvimbo huru dzekutenga uye zvitoro zviri nyore kupa mabhegi epurasitiki anoraswa kubva muna Ndira 1, 2020.
Jerimani
MuGermany, mabhodhoro ezvinwiwa epurasitiki achange akaiswa 100% epurasitiki inogona kudzokororwa munzvimbo yakakurumbira, mabhisikiti, snacks, pasta uye mamwe mabhegi echikafu atanga kushandisa nhamba huru yemapurasitiki anovandudzwa, uye kunyange muchitoro chechitoro, kurongedza zvigadzirwa mafirimu, mabhokisi epurasitiki uye mapallets ekutakura, anogadzirwazve mapurasitiki ekutakura. Kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwekudzokororwa kwepurasitiki muGermany kune hukama nekuwedzera kukurumbira kwemaitiro ekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye kusimba kwemitemo yekurongedza zvigadzirwa muGermany neEuropean Union. Maitiro acho ari kukurumidza pakati pemitengo yemagetsi yakakwira. Parizvino, Germany iri kuyedza kuenderera mberi nekusimudzira "muganho wepurasitiki" mukudzikisa huwandu hwekurongedza, kusimudzira kushandiswa kwekushandisazve kurongedza, kuwedzera yemhando yepamusoro yakavharwa-loop recycling, uye kuseta zvinosungirwa kudzokorodza zviratidzo zvepurasitiki kurongedza. Kufamba kweGermany kuri kuita chiyero chakakosha muEU.
China
Kubva muna 2008, China yakashandisa "plastic limit order", iyo inorambidza kugadzirwa, kutengesa uye kushandiswa kwemabhegi epurasitiki ekutenga ane hurefu husingasviki 0.025 mm munyika yose, uye masupamaketi ese, mashopu, misika yemisika nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekutengesa hazvibvumidzwe kupa mabhegi epurasitiki emahara.
Kuita sei zvakanaka?
Kana zvasvika kune 'Maitirwo ekuita zvakanaka', izvo zvinoenderana nekutorwa nenyika nehurumende dzadzo. Plastic dzimwe nzira uye nzira dzekudzikisa kushandiswa kwepurasitiki kana kuwedzera composting dzakanaka, zvisinei, dzinoda kutenga kubva kuvanhu kuti vashande.
Pakupedzisira, chero zano rinotsiva purasitiki, rinorambidza mamwe mapurasitiki akadai sekushandisa kamwe chete, rinokurudzira kudzokorodza kana kugadzira manyowa uye kutsvaga dzimwe nzira dzekudzikisa epurasitiki zvichabatsira kune zvakanyanya kunaka.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-12-2023