Kana vanhu vachifunga nezvekutonga kwemarara, vangangozvibatanidza nemarara ari kuraswa mumarara kana kupiswa. Kunyange zviitiko zvakadaro zvichiumba chikamu chakakosha chemaitiro, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisirwa mukugadzirwa kweiyo optimal integrated solid solid management system (ISWM) system. Semuenzaniso, nzira dzekurapa dzinoita kuderedza huwandu uye chepfu yemarara yakasimba. Aya matanho anogona kuishandura kuita fomu iri nyore yekurasa. Kuraswa kwemarara uye nzira dzekurasa dzinosarudzwa uye dzinoshandiswa zvichienderana nechimiro, kuumbwa, uye huwandu hwemarara.
Heano maitiro makuru ekurapa tsvina uye nzira dzekurasa:
Thermal Treatment
Thermal waste treatment inoreva nzira dzinoshandisa kupisa kugadzirisa tsvina. Zvinotevera ndezvimwe zvezvinonyanya kushandiswa zvekupisa tsvina nzira:
Kupisa marara ndeimwe yemararamiro akajairika. Iyi nzira inosanganisira kupisa kwemarara muhupo hweokisijeni. Iyi nzira yekupisa yekupisa inowanzoshandiswa senzira yekudzoreredza simba remagetsi kana kupisa. Iyi nzira ine zvakawanda zvakanakira. Inokurumidza kuderedza marara, inoderedza mari yekufambisa uye inoderedza kusvibiswa kwegreenhouse gasi.
Gasification nePyrolysis inzira mbiri dzakafanana, dzese dziri mbiri dzinoparadza organic tsvina nekufumura tsvina kune yakaderera huwandu hweokisijeni uye yakanyanya kupisa. Pyrolysis inoshandisa zvachose pasina okisijeni nepo gasification ichibvumira yakaderera kwazvo okisijeni mukuita. Gasification inonyanya kubatsira sezvo ichibvumira nzira yekupisa kudzoreredza simba pasina kukonzera kusvibiswa kwemhepo.
Open Burning inhaka yekupisa tsvina yekurapa iyo inokuvadza zvakatipoteredza. Mashizha anoshandiswa mukuita kwakadaro haana michina yekudzora kusvibisa. Vanoburitsa zvinhu zvakaita sehexachlorobenzene, dioxins, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic inonhuhwirira makomisheni, nemadota. Nehurombo, nzira iyi ichiri kuitwa nevakuru venzvimbo dzakawanda pasi rose, sezvo ichipa mhinduro isingadhure kune tsvina yakasimba.
Dumps uye Mapombi
Sanitary landfills inopa mhinduro inonyanya kushandiswa yekurasa tsvina. Aya marara anodiwa kubvisa kana kudzikisa njodzi yezvakatipoteredza kana hutano hweveruzhinji nekuda kwekuraswa kwemarara. Nzvimbo idzi dziri munzvimbo dzinoshanda senzvimbo dzakasimukira pakati penzvimbo nerambi. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yekurasira ivhu inogona kuumbwa nevhu revhu iro rinonyatso shingirira kune tsvina ine ngozi kana inoonekwa nekusavapo kwemitumbi yemvura yepamusoro kana tafura yemvura yakaderera, kudzivirira njodzi yekusvibiswa kwemvura. Kushandiswa kwenzvimbo dzehutsanana kunopa hutano hudiki uye njodzi yezvakatipoteredza, asi mutengo wekumisikidza marara akadaro wakakwirisa kupfuura dzimwe nzira dzekurasa marara.
Kuraswa kwemarara kwakangowanda kana kushoma zvakafanana nemarara eutsanana. Aya marasi anotevedzera zvakawanda zvinodikanwa kuti ive nzvimbo ine hutsanana asi inogona kushaya imwe kana maviri. Kuraswa kwakadaro kunogona kuve kwakarongwa zvakanaka asi pasina kurongeka kwesero. Panogona kunge pasina kana chikamu chekutonga gasi, kuchengetedza rekodhi, kana chivharo chenguva dzose.
Bioreactor landfills ndiwo mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa tekinoroji. Aya marashiro anoshandisa epamusoro microbiological maitiro kukurumidza kuora kwemarara. Iyo inodzora ficha ndeye kuenderera kwekuwedzera kwemvura kuchengetedza hunyoro hwakakwana hwe microbial digestion. Mvura inowedzerwa nekutenderedza zvakare leachate yemarara. Kana huwandu hweleachate husina kukwana, tsvina yemvura yakaita sesewage sludge inoshandiswa.
Bioremediation
Bioremediation inoshandisa tupukanana kuputsa uye kubvisa zvinosvibisa kubva muvhu rakasvibiswa kana mvura. Inowanzo shandiswa kurapa kurasika kwemafuta, marara emvura mumaindasitiri, uye mamwe marudzi ekusvibisa. Inowanikwa kunzvimbo dzakasvibiswa uye mamwe marudzi emarara ane ngozi.
Kompositi ndiyo imwe inonyanya kushandiswa kurasirwa kwemarara kana nzira yekurapa inova inodzorwa aerobic kuora kwe organic tsvina nekuita kwediki invertebrates uye microorganisms. Nzira dzinonyanyozivikanwa dzekugadzira manyowa dzinosanganisira static pile composting, vermin-composting, windrow composting uye mu-mudziyo composting.
Anaerobic Digestion inoshandisawo biological process kuodza organic zvinhu. Anaerobic Digestion, zvisinei, inoshandisa nzvimbo yeokisijeni uye isina mabhakitiriya kuodza tsvina apo composting inofanira kuva nemhepo kuitira kuti utachiona hukure.
Zvakakosha kutarisa maitiro chaiwo emarara, mitemo yezvakatipoteredza, uye mamiriro emunharaunda paunenge uchisarudza nzira yakakodzera yemarara uye nzira yekurasa. Masisitimu akabatanidzwa ekutarisira marara anosanganisa nzira dzakawanda anowanzo shandiswa kugadzirisa hova dzemarara dzakasiyana zvinobudirira. Pamusoro pezvo, kuziva veruzhinji uye kutora chikamu mukuderedza marara uye kuedza kudzokorodza kunotora basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza marara.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-20-2023