Mumakore achangopfuura, hurukuro pamusoro pezvinhu zvinogadziriswa yakawana simba risati ramboitika, rinoenderana nekukura kwekuziva kwemhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza zvine chekuita nemapurasitiki akajairwa. Biodegradable zvinhu zvakabuda sechiedza chetariro, zvinosanganisira ethos yehupfumi hwedenderedzwa uye zvine hunyanzvi hwekushandisa zviwanikwa.Biodegradable zvinhu zvinosanganisa akasiyana siyana emhando, chimwe nechimwe chinobatsira kuderedzwa kwekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
1.PHA
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) ari biodegradable polymers akagadzirwa netwudiki, kazhinji mabhakitiriya, pasi pemamiriro chaiwo. Inoumbwa ne hydroxyalkanoic acid monomers, PHA inocherechedzwa neiyo biodegradability, inogona kudzokororwa kubva kushuga yezvirimwa, uye zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu. Nezvikumbiro kubva pakurongedza kuenda kumidziyo yekurapa, PHA inomiririra inovimbisa eco-inoshamwaridzika imwe kune yakajairwa mapurasitiki, kunyangwe ichitarisana nematambudziko arikuenderera mukudhura-kushanda uye kugadzirwa kwakakura.
2.PLA
Polylactic Acid (PLA) ndeye biodegradable uye bioactive thermoplastic inotorwa kubva kune zvinogonekazve zviwanikwa zvakaita sechibage starch kana nzimbe. Inozivikanwa nekujeka kwayo uye crystalline hunhu, PLA inoratidza zvinoyemurika michina zvivakwa. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumashandisirwo akasiyana siyana, kusanganisira kurongedza, machira, uye zvigadzirwa zvebiomedical, PLA inopembererwa nekuda kwekuenderana kwayo uye kugona kudzikisa kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Seimwe nzira yakagadzikana kune mapurasitiki echinyakare, PLA inopindirana nekusimbisa kuri kukura kwezvinhu zvine eco-ushamwari mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana.Kugadzirwa kwepolylactic acid hakuna kusvibiswa uye chigadzirwa chinoora. Inoziva kutenderera mune zvakasikwa uye yakasvibira polymer zvinhu.
3.Cellulose
Cellulose, inotorwa kubva kuchirimwa maseru madziro, chinhu chakasiyana-siyana chiri kuwedzera kutariswa muindasitiri yekurongedza. Sechishandiso chinovandudzwa uye chakawanda, cellulose inopa imwe yakasarudzika kune yakajairwa kurongedza zvinhu. Ingave yakatorwa kubva muhuni, donje, kana zvisaririra zvekurima, cellulose-based packaging inopa zvakati wandei. Mamwe maumbirwo anogonawo kugadzirwa kuti ave compostable, zvichibatsira mukuderedza marara ezvakatipoteredza.Kuenzaniswa nemaitiro echinyakare ekurongedza zvinhu, cellulose-based options kazhinji ine yakaderera kabhoni tsoka.
4.PPC
Polypropylene Carbonate (PPC) is thermoplastic polymer inosanganisa zvimiro zvepolypropylene neaya epolycarbonate. Iyo bio-yakavakirwa uye biodegradable zvinhu, inopa yakasarudzika nharaunda kune echinyakare mapurasitiki. PPC inotorwa kubva kucarbon dioxide uye propylene oxide, zvichiita kuti ive inodzokororwa uye inogadzika sarudzo.PPC yakagadzirirwa kuve biodegradable pasi pemamwe mamiriro, ichibvumira kuti iparare kuita zvinhu zvechisikigo nekufamba kwenguva, zvichikonzera kudzikiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
5.PHB
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) ibiodegradable uye bio-based polyester ndeyemhuri yepolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). PHB inogadzirwa nemhando dzakasiyana siyana sechinhu chekuchengetedza simba. Izvo zvinonyanya kukosha kune yayo biodegradability, renewable sourcing, uye thermoplastic hunhu, zvichiita kuti ive mumiriri anovimbisa mukutsvaga nzira dzakasimba dzemapurasitiki echinyakare. PHB inogara ichiora, zvichireva kuti inogona kuputswa nema microorganisms munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, zvichikonzera kudzikiswa kwemamiriro ekunze kana zvichienzaniswa nemapurasitiki asingaparadzike.
6.Starch
Munzvimbo yekurongedza, starch inoita basa rakakosha sechinhu chinogadzika uye chinoodza, ichipa dzimwe nzira dzine hushamwari kune dzakajairwa mapurasitiki. Yakatorwa kubva kuchirimwa masosi, starch-based packaging inoenderana nekuedza kwepasirese kudzikisa kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwezvinhu zvekurongedza.
7.PBAT
PBAT inonzi biodegradable uye compostable polymer yemhuri yealiphatic-aromatic copolyesters. Izvi zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa zvinonetsa kwezvakatipoteredza zvine chekuita nemapurasitiki echinyakare, zvichipa imwe yakasarudzika. PBAT inogona kutorwa kubva kune zvinogonekazve zviwanikwa, senge chirimwa-based feedstocks. Uku kutsvagisa kutsvagirwa kunofambirana nechinangwa chekudzikisa kutsamira pane zvinogumira zviwanikwa zvefossil. Uye yakagadzirirwa biodegrade pasi pezvakatipoteredza mamiriro. Microorganisms inoputsa iyo polymer kuita yakasikwa byproducts, zvichikonzera kudzikiswa kwemarara epurasitiki.
Kuunzwa kwezvinhu zvinoora zvinoratidzira shanduko yakakosha kune inogoneka maitiro mumaindasitiri akasiyana. Zvishandiso izvi, zvakatorwa kubva kune zvinogonekazve, zvine kugona kwekuzvarwa kwekuora, kudzikisa kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Mienzaniso inocherechedzwa inosanganisira Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), Polylactic Acid (PLA), uye Polypropylene Carbonate (PPC), imwe neimwe ichipa yakasarudzika zvivakwa zvakaita se biodegradability, renewable sourcing, uye versatility. Kumbundira biodegradable zvinhu zvinopindirana nekusundidzira kwepasirese kune eco-inoshamwaridzika dzimwe nzira dzechinyakare mapurasitiki, kugadzirisa zvinonetsa zvine chekuita nekusvibiswa uye kupera kwezviwanikwa. Zvishandiso izvi zvinowana mashandisirwo mukurongedza, machira, uye zvigadzirwa zvekurapa, zvichibatsira kuhupfumi hwakatenderera uko zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa vaine kufunga kwavo kwekupedzisira kwehupenyu. Kunyangwe zvipingamupinyi zvakaita sekudhura-kushanda uye kugadzirwa kwakakura, tsvakiridzo inoenderera mberi uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kunovavarira kusimudzira kushanda kwezvinhu zvinoodza biodegradable, kukurudzira ramangwana rakagadzikana uye rinoziva zvakatipoteredza.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-07-2023